Measure the texture of alternative proteins
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1. Why measure the texture of alternative proteins?
Texture is a pivotal parameter in the world of alternative proteins. As the sector strives to replicate the sensory attributes of traditional proteins, quantifying and understanding textural properties becomes paramount. Through rigorous texture analysis, researchers can gain invaluable insights into the complex interactions between ingredients, processing conditions, and final product attributes. This not only aids in refining product formulations to achieve desired mouthfeel and consistency but also ensures reproducibility and standardisation across batches, essential for scaling production and gaining trust in the global market.
2. How can a Texture Analyser be applied to alternative protein texture analysis?
Alternative protein products, whether plant-based, fungal, or lab-grown, aim to emulate the texture and mouthfeel of traditional protein sources, making texture analysis absolutely vital. The use of a Texture Analyser offers substantial benefits in this rapidly evolving sector:
- Replicating traditional textures: Alternative proteins frequently aim to mimic traditional meat or dairy products. Quantitative texture data aids in achieving similar firmness, chewiness, or juiciness, ensuring consumer acceptance.
- Optimising formulations: When pivoting from animal-based to plant-based or other novel protein sources, maintaining texture is a challenge. A Texture Analyser ensures that these new formulations provide a comparable or even superior textural experience.
- Quality control: Consistency is key, especially when introducing new products to market. Periodic texture testing can ensure that each batch aligns with set standards.
- Influence of additives and binders: Many alternative protein products use binders, gelling agents, or additives. Testing helps in understanding their role and optimising their quantities for desired textural outcomes.
- Process refinement: The method of production, whether extrusion, fermentation, or tissue culture, can influence the texture of the final product. Texture analysis assists in refining these processes.
- Sensory evaluation: Texture Analysers complement sensory panels by providing quantitative data on textural attributes. This data helps correlate objective measurements with sensory perceptions, aiding in product optimisation and the creation of ‘same-as’ sensory experiences when substituting meat products.
- Product comparisons: Texture Analysers allow researchers to compare alternative protein products with traditional counterparts. This information helps in identifying areas for improvement and fine-tuning formulations.
- Assessing cooking behaviour: The texture of protein products can change when cooked or prepared. Evaluating these changes is vital for providing cooking instructions and understanding product behaviour.
- Consumer preference studies: Texture Analysers play a role in consumer preference studies by providing objective data on the textural attributes preferred by consumers.
- Shelf life studies: As with all foods, alternative proteins may have textural changes over time. Through continuous monitoring, companies can assess product shelf life and understand the effects of different storage conditions.
- Competitor analysis: To carve a niche in this competitive market, companies may need to understand how their products stack up against others in terms of texture, facilitating potential improvements or unique selling points.
- Feedback for ingredient suppliers: Constant texture testing can also act as feedback for suppliers, ensuring ingredients like protein isolates, gums, or other components align with desired product specifications.
Employing a Texture Analyser in the manufacture and development of alternative protein products is pivotal in achieving products that resonate with consumers in terms of taste, mouthfeel, and overall eating experience. This scientific, data-driven approach ensures product quality, fosters innovation, and drives market acceptance in a segment where texture plays a decisive role.
Typical measurements
Texture Analysers are versatile instruments capable of characterising a wide array of textural properties. As manufacturers aim to replicate the textural attributes of traditional animal-based proteins, understanding these properties is vital.
Here are the key texture properties a Texture Analyser can measure for alternative proteins:
Firmness
This is a measure of the force required to achieve a given deformation. It's crucial for gauging the perceived 'bite', toughness or resistance of the product when consumed.
Springiness (or elasticity)
Measures the product's ability to return to its original shape after a deforming force is removed. This can be crucial in replicating the bounce-back nature of certain meats.
Chewiness
A derived parameter, it's the product of firmness, cohesiveness, and springiness. It's indicative of the energy required to masticate a semi-solid product to a state ready for swallowing.
Consistency
While typically associated with liquids, this can be relevant for semi-solid alternative protein products, such as certain plant-based yogurts or sauces.
Gel strength
For alternative proteins that utilise gelling agents or undergo gel-forming processes, understanding the strength and stability of these gels can be essential.
Cohesiveness
Refers to the degree to which the product can withstand a second deformation relative to its first. It indicates how well the product sticks together during chewing.
Adhesiveness
The work required to pull a product away from a surface with which it's in contact. This can be related to mouthfeel, especially in terms of how a product feels when it’s being chewed and subsequently swallowed.
Fracturability
This denotes the force with which a product breaks or cracks. This property can be crucial for products like alternative protein bars or snacks.
Tensile strength
This property gauges the resistance of a product to a force trying to pull it apart. It can be vital for products that aim to emulate the fibrous nature of meats.
Spreadability
For alternative protein spreads or pâtés, understanding the force required to spread the product can be critical for consumer acceptance.
By evaluating these textural properties, manufacturers can fine-tune the formulation and processing parameters of alternative protein products, ensuring they deliver the desired sensory experience that consumers expect.
Typical product test and graph
Case studies
From measuring the texture of Impossible Foods' plant-based beef to evaluating Dupont's whipping creams and Ingredion's spreadable products, the Texture Analyser delivers flexible, reliable solutions for alternative protein applications. It helps ensure product consistency and quality control across manufacturing.
With deep expertise in meat and fish texture analysis, we’re well equipped to support innovation in the alternative protein sector – just ask our customers.
Full installation instructions are provided within the Education Zone of the latest Exponent/Connect software version and on the technical information sheet accompanying this product.
Probes and attachments for measuring the texture of alternative protein
Blade Set (Warner-Bratzler)
Blade Set (guillotine)
Multiple Puncture Probe
Kramer Shear Cell – 5 Bladed
Miniature Kramer/Ottawa Cell
Film Support Rig
10mm Ø Cylinder Probe
1” Ø Spherical Probe – plastic
Compression Platens
Forward Extrusion Rig
Cheese Extensibility Rig
Volodkevich Bite Jaws
URL Content Card test
Allows the collection of acoustic data during test procedures – of particular interest when assessing crispness of fruit or vegetables.
Page content card test
Allows the collection of acoustic data during test procedures – of particular interest when assessing crispness of fruit or vegetables.
Page content card test – attachments
Allows the collection of acoustic data during test procedures – of particular interest when assessing crispness of fruit or vegetables.
Information card test
Allows the collection of acoustic data during test procedures – of particular interest when assessing crispness of fruit or vegetables.
Test methods
Exponent Connect software includes a comprehensive range of test methods for alternative protein products, all instantly accessible at the click of a button. We streamline your texture testing process, ensuring faster access to methods and ready-to-use analysis files for your product properties.
Using the Texture Analyser for new alternative protein ingredient and product ideas
As global demand for protein rises and concerns mount over the environmental and ethical impact of conventional animal agriculture, the search for sustainable alternative protein sources is accelerating. Current innovations represent only the beginning—continued diversification and technological advancement are on the horizon. Achieving the right texture in your product could be the key differentiator in this evolving landscape.
Plant-based proteins
Legume proteins (from lentils, chickpeas, peas, and soybeans), cereal proteins e.g. seitan and rice, seed proteins (hemp, sunflower, and pumpkin seed proteins and potato and corn proteins (extracted and concentrated for use).
Algae and seaweed proteins
Microalgae such as spirulina and chlorella, are protein-rich and can be used as protein supplements or ingredients. Certain macroalgae or edible seaweeds also have potential as protein sources.
Cell-based or cultured meats
Real meat/fish produced by cultivating animal cells in a controlled environment.
Hybrid/blended proteins
Combining plant-based proteins with small amounts of animal-derived proteins to create products that offer a balance between taste, nutrition, and sustainability or blending different plant proteins to achieve a more complete amino acid profile.
Dairy alternatives
Nut, legume, seed or grain milks, yogurts, cheeses, and ice creams made from almonds, oats, soy, cashews, peas, and more. Cultured dairy alternatives using microorganisms to ferment plant-based ingredients, producing vegan cheeses, yogurts, and other dairy-like products are also being developed.
Mycelium and fungi-based proteins
Brands like Quorn use Fusarium venenatum, a naturally occurring fungus. Other companies cultivate mycelium (fungi's root system) to create meat-like textures.
Insect proteins
Cricket flour, mealworms, and black soldier fly larvae are examples. They're nutritionally dense and have a smaller ecological footprint compared to traditional livestock.
Fermentation-derived proteins
Precision fermentation using microorganisms like bacteria, yeast, or fungi that have been engineered to produce specific proteins (like casein or whey from milk). Whole-cell fermentation using microorganisms as the product themselves (similar to traditional tempeh or beer brewing). In addition, bacterial proteins from organisms like methylococcus capsulatus, used in products like the "FeedKind" protein for fish and livestock feed.
Egg alternatives
Products derived from mung beans, aquafaba (chickpea brine), and other plant-based ingredients that mimic the function and taste of eggs.
Heme analogues
Used in products like the Impossible Burger to mimic the taste of blood in meat; produced using yeast fermentation.
As global demand for protein rises and concerns grow over the environmental and ethical impact of conventional animal farming, the search for viable alternative protein sources is accelerating. Current innovations represent just the beginning—this sector is poised for rapid expansion and diversification. Achieving the right texture could be the key to setting your product apart.
Two column block tests
Full installation instructions are provided within the Education Zone of the latest Exponent/Connect software version and on the technical information sheet accompanying this product.
The four materials listed above are not universally resistant to all types of chemicals and as such the compatibility of the probe/attachment material with the product (to be tested) must be established to prevent damage to the probes and attachments. If the compatibility of the product with the probe is unknown to the customer then the chemical information about the product (Material Safety Data Sheet or Product Data Sheet) should be submitted to Stable Micro Systems. Stable Micro Systems will then assess the suitability of the probe/attachment material for use with the product and advise accordingly. If this advice is not sought then Stable Micro Systems will not accept liability for probes/attachments damaged by chemical attack from the product being tested.
The four materials listed above are not universally resistant to all types of chemicals and as such the compatibility of the probe/attachment material with the product (to be tested) must be established to prevent damage to the probes and attachments. If the compatibility of the product with the probe is unknown to the customer then the chemical information about the product (Material Safety Data Sheet or Product Data Sheet) should be submitted to Stable Micro Systems. Stable Micro Systems will then assess the suitability of the probe/attachment material for use with the product and advise accordingly. If this advice is not sought then Stable Micro Systems will not accept liability for probes/attachments damaged by chemical attack from the product being tested.
Caption test
The four materials listed above are not universally resistant to all types of chemicals and as such the compatibility of the probe/attachment material with the product (to be tested) must be established to prevent damage to the probes and attachments. If the compatibility of the product with the probe is unknown to the customer then the chemical information about the product (Material Safety Data Sheet or Product Data Sheet) should be submitted to Stable Micro Systems. Stable Micro Systems will then assess the suitability of the probe/attachment material for use with the product and advise accordingly. If this advice is not sought then Stable Micro Systems will not accept liability for probes/attachments damaged by chemical attack from the product being tested.
The four materials listed above are not universally resistant to all types of chemicals and as such the compatibility of the probe/attachment material with the product (to be tested) must be established to prevent damage to the probes and attachments. If the compatibility of the product with the probe is unknown to the customer then the chemical information about the product (Material Safety Data Sheet or Product Data Sheet) should be submitted to Stable Micro Systems. Stable Micro Systems will then assess the suitability of the probe/attachment material for use with the product and advise accordingly. If this advice is not sought then Stable Micro Systems will not accept liability for probes/attachments damaged by chemical attack from the product being tested.
Caption test